The Role of Race in Othello Free Essays

â€Å"Although the plots of Shakespeare’s plays are specific, the motivations of the characters — as well as of Shakespeare himself — have been the source of much debate. Arguments continue over interpretations of Shakespeare’s intentions in part because his plays remain so profoundly relevant. † (www. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Race in Othello or any similar topic only for you Order Now pbs. org, Teachers’ Guide, Othello : Essay on race, web. ) Othello is the story of a Berber who in the fourteenth century, has reached the top of the pyramid in the Republic of Venice thanks to his value as a valiant general of the army. However, his life ended prematurely and tragically in the darkness of jealousy and crime. Othello is the only one able to defeat the Turks on the Cyprus battlefront. This is why the Doge sent him for this mission and, incidentally, gives him approval to bond with a woman from the nobility of Venice , Desdemona, daughter of Senator Brabantio, despite the reluctance of the latter, which obviously does not this â€Å"Moor† in his family. The drama takes place at the couple’s arrival in Cyprus and victorious of the Turks – without a single fight since it is served by the storm which swept the enemy fleet. Othello becomes the governor of the island and is at the height of his military and personal life since he won the heart and selflessness of Desdemona who even strongly opposed her father to stay with him. From there, it’s a highway to hell that Shakespeare offers us, and we are right to ask the question of why such a tragedy, when Othello had just made an exceptional course and that nothing, could predict such a fall? In the play, the Venetian society claims not to be racist, what is true because it allows Othello to become a governor of Cyprus. But just like our western and modern society, this racism rises under a speech of tolerance and opening. And it re-appears on the occasion of social struggles, of political or economic crises. It is the case in the play on the occasion of the fight between Iago and Cassio. But this racism is also interiorized by Othello. Why does not he speak to Desdemona? Why does not he rely on her? Because he built his life in a violent fight against exclusion, so that he cannot believe in his happiness. His class is printed for ever in the face. Othello is a text on otherness, on the impossibility for a Southerner, a Moor, a Berber from North Africa to find his place in Venice at that time without denying all of the above. But if this denial — and that is the demonstration made by Shakespeare — can last a while, then it turned against its author whose life turns to a tragedy. The play rises the question of the status of the stranger in our human society in general. Similarly, Othello may sound like a denunciation, a text that Shakespeare would have made masked in a classical tragedy that could please his audience. But we can also consider that the work, with its multiple facets exceeded its own author. It seems t that the idea there is probably a reflection on the question of otherness and the need of human societies to be open to the Other, to avoid the risk of dying themselves from the isolation in which they stand, is widespread with regard to this text. The heart of this tragedy is the question of â€Å"acculturation†. To take a place in society, the Stranger or more precisely â€Å"the dominated†, is obliged to begin this process which is to adopt the dominant culture to be recognized in the world of mainstream. The question of the disappearance of the original culture becomes glaring, because without it the â€Å"dominated† loses its soul and so a part of his life. Returning to the text, we can notice first that Othello is often referred to its origins, the color of his skin, his â€Å"strangeness†, in short, non-membership in the Republic of Venice, this irrespectively of the invaluable services he could have render. In the first scene of Act I, Iago, Othello’s â€Å"faithful† servant, who could not bear not to have been appointed by him as lieutenant, is trying to oppose the Senator Brabantio, Desdemona’s father , to the love affair between his master and Desdemona. Iago’s terms would today lead to court prosecution for racism : â€Å"You’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse; You’ll have your nephews neigh to you, you’ll have coursers for cousins, and gennets for germans†. A little further the remarks are no less moderate: â€Å"I am one sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the moor are making the beast with two backs â€Å". We also learn in this first act, when Othello is obliged to explain the circumstances of his love with Desdemona (â€Å"strange and against nature†), that Brabantio that was linked to him in some â€Å"friendship â€Å"but we understand that it was true as he remained in the place which was his own, without going to compete with the Venetian nobles and hope to enter, for example, in the family. In this situation, the witch trials is already wielded by Brabantio accusing Othello of magic. Othello: â€Å"Her father loved me, he often invited me, he asked me the story of my life †¦ †. This is in sharp contrast to the despair and violence of the father when he learns that his daughter left with Othello. He even make explicit reference to skin color and supposed ugliness of the stranger: Scene 2 of the first act: â€Å"Can a girl so tender, so beautiful would [†¦ ] never ran from the tutelage of her father in a black soot to be like you, to fear, not to delight. . Scene 3 of the first act: â€Å"†¦ become, despite his love of nature [†¦ ] she was afraid to look! â€Å". Othello’s forced denial is complete: he converted to Christianity and blames himself the Turks who represent Muslim revivalism, until his last words which will be discussed further. No word on his Berber origins nor his first religion which is Islam in all likelihood It seems to devote a genuine hatred for the Turks in the name of this total feeling of belonging to the Republic of Venice. He understood that his ascent is the price. It is simply swept away, erased its own and profound identity in its very essence. We can see in the same time as the others always refer to the â€Å"particuliarities† that are his, his â€Å"strangeness,† and then only when it comes to belittle, humiliate and to remove any legitimacy on this earth for which he fought body and soul. His denial is the cause of Othello’s descent into hell, into a kind of belated recognition that he was at the zenith of its glory. The â€Å"homecoming† seems to be inevitable for all of us, especially one who is living an important moment of his life and history. At the peak of his life, the Moor of Venice is undoubtedly aware of his confinement in this gilded citadel – military glory and carnal love. Then he givse up, probably unconsciously, self-destruction and easily falls into the trap of his so called faithful villainous Iago. There is a strong moment in this play, the only one to make a positive reference to the origins of Othello: it is the episode of the handkerchief, a crucial object that comes from his mother when she was on her deathbed. Othello’s mother is quoted there for the first time, as a remnant of that origin killed out of necessity †¦ This hences the importance of the handkerchief Othello and focusing on its loss. The fact that the object has been given to Cassio, Desdemona’s supposed lover, therefore appears quite high. The behavior of Lodovico, the Doge’s sent to Cyprus to recall Othello, is the most emblematic of the shaky status of Othello in this society he wanted to endorse with all his heart: it is as if Othello man considered and respected, was expected at the turn, as if it were enough for him to make any mistakes so that everybody will sound the most negative about him and forget immediately all its virtues. That’s what it feels well in Act 4, Scene One: Lodovico, ironic, after seeing Othello in the grip of jealousy hit Desdemona: â€Å"This would not be believed in Venice, Though I should swear I saw it † . Othello seems to be the subject of a hostile nature, a sort of presumed guilt until he proves he is innocent The tragedy of Othello is that he felt one day that his meteoric success was insignificant because it was really and deeply – socially and culturally — was denied by a block of domination in a society which he lived in and which he has become, paradoxically, one of the banners. Irreversible process, there remained to be a good reason for the man to end the world, and he is guided by hatred Iago who is going to serve him a dish of lies and machinations . Othello then gives up again. Iago does not kill Othello, but gives him the means to destroy himself. After his credit tainted by political and military actions that Venice could not accept, he decides to kill the woman who deeply loved him and to end his own life with these words that clearly show his awareness of the † wrong way â€Å"it has made in his life :† †¦ f one whose hand, like the base Judean, threw the pearl away richer than all his tribe; of one whose subdued eyes, albeit unused to the melting mood, drops tears as fast as the Arabian trees their med’ cinable gum. Set you down this. And say besides that in Aleppo once, where a malignant and turbaned Turk beat a Venetian and traduced the state, I took by th’ throat the circumcised dog and smote him — thus (He stabs himself). † Everything is here, up to the tribe of Othello’s origins and thus he has â€Å"betrayed† †¦ And we might think that â€Å"circumcised dog† is Othello himself. As we said in the beginning, Shakespeare’s work have always been the source of much debate and of many interpretation. In deed, let’s conclude with a quote from the critic Harold Bloom in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human notes, â€Å"We can keep finding the meanings of Shakespeare, but never the meaning. As each generation re-interprets Shakespeare, it’s likely that these issues will continue to challenge, infuriate, and intrigue audiences. How to cite The Role of Race in Othello, Papers

High School Journalism Breaking The Barriers Essay Example For Students

High School Journalism: Breaking The Barriers Essay High School Journalism: Breaking The Barriers Essay Throughout the many trials and tribulations of the adolescent years teenagers try to find many different ways to express themselves and discover who they are. There are different forms of expression including music, art, fashion, and, of course, writing. Whether it is through a personal journal used to express private feelings, or through the high school publications such as the school newspaper or yearbook. These forms of expression give teens an outlet for creativity and a sense of accomplishment. They also teach time management skills such as meeting deadlines, and help develop a work-based environment with other. While these publications remain important to students, school authorities continually challenge them. High school publications are not protected by the first amendment, therefore they are not entitled to free speech. Controversial issues such as homosexuality, teenage pregnancy, and drug issues are forbidden in many high school newspapers because the school officials think it will hurt the schools image, or that it will influence students to make poor decisions. If a student writes about a controversial topic anyway, then it is possible that either their article will not get published, or that the student will be punished for writing dissenting opinions without permission. For example, one high school journalist Mary Margaret Nussbaum came under strong personal attacks from churches and a local family values group after writing a story about the lives of gay teenagers. The family values group took strong action to censor the newspaper by urging the state representative to strengthen not only legislation against first amendment rights in high school publications, but also against homosexuality. While Nussbaum was merely writing the article and did not express any personal opinion in it, she still suffered consequences (McCarthy 3). Another censorship issue came about in Connecticut when a student at Rockville High School, Chris DelVecchio, wrote an editorial stating his opinion on the mayoral candidates. The town committee for the mayor that he spoke against complained and eventually forced the local school board to forbid high school journalists from taking editorial positions on candidates (Featherstone 14). However small these instances may seem, they still pose a larger problem of shaping a new generation of kids that are well informed and should be free to express their opinions, no matter how opposing they may be. Authorities have pressured many high school newspapers so heavily that they have become sort of bulletin boards for positive news. They never explore anything new or exciting, and fail to challenge their readers or authorities in any way (Saltzman 93). High school officials have no problem with their students writing upbeat stores on Homecoming queens or football heroes, but when they step out of the narrow boundaries set for them then the battle begins. Some states have made their public high schools free speech territory on a state level. These states include Arkansas, California, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, and Massachusetts. These states have not yet been challenged with their decisions. Since the Supreme Court case Hazlewood School District v. Kuhlemeier, which gives a looser interpretation to the previous law stating that officials could limit oppression only when it would disrupt the school functions or invade personal rights (Featherstone 14). In a recent poll, respondents from the Scholastic Journalism Division expressed that they feel the Supreme Court should revise its decision and refrain from stopping any publications at all (Dickson 4). While this is one opinion, many feel differently about the issue. High school journalism is a base form of communication between not only teenagers and their peers, but the administrators as well. If it is taken away it not only breaks down communication internally and externally, but builds barriers as well. Peter Singer EssayWorks Cited Dickson, Tom. Preparing scholastic press advisers for roles after Hazlewood decision. Journalism and Mass Communication. V.51 N4. (Winter 1997): p4. 12pp. EbscoHost. MasterFILE Elite. A19182273. Owens Lib.Maryville, MO. 18 Feb. 2000. http://ebsco.more.net Featherstone, Liza. Free Speech: look whos flunking. Columbia Journalism Review. V. 38 I.2 (July 1999): p14. EbscoHost. MasterFILE Elite. A55292333. Owens Lib, Maryville, MO. 18 Feb. 2000. http://ebsco.more.net McCarthy, Colman. Student journalist hears from religious right after story on gay teens. National Catholic Reporter. V.33 N.30 (May 30, 1997): p3. .

Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5 Essay Example

Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5 Essay In this essay we will be looking at the immense contrast that occurs between: Tybalt and Romeo. The play is called: Romeo and Juliet and was written by: William Shakespeare in 1589. Besides talking about the contrast that exists in Act 1 Scene 5, I will be discussing other topics that connected to this scene. They are: stagecraft, subject and theme, characters and language. As members of the audience, we distinguish that Shakespeare had deliberately made us notice about how these two characters are contrast to each other. In Act 1 Scene 5, Romeo instantly strides into this scene furthermore is very keen to find his love. At this point, Romeo does not know about sweet Juliets existence but is ironically in love with Rosaline. When we meet Juliet for the first time, in a blink of an eye Romeo gazes and glares at her beauty. This is shown when he says: What lady is that which doth enrich the hand of yonder knight, Romeo has just seen Juliet for the first time and already is madly in love with her. The way he speaks shows that he is calm and a passionate loving character. We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other hand in an entire contrast, Tybalt enters the scene as a cold blooded character; his presence changes the whole mood and atmosphere of the whole scene on stage. Ironically, just after Romeo has talked about loving and caring feelings towards Juliet also about how beautiful she is. Tybalt has jus entered and in a complete contrast of dialogue, his first words are: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier boy what dares the slave. Shakespeare has intentionally put these two characters language together to make us see that how both characters are staged in this scene. Romeo enters disguised with a mask, almost a hint of mysteriousness in him, whereas Tybalt enters already fuming and full of wrath. The scene starts off uplifting and jovial. The servants are cleaning and preparing for the festivity. Romeo enters in a calm atmosphere, he brings a joyful presence towards the beginning of the scene and the atmosphere stays uplifting. There is lots of music, lots of dancing and very merry imaging in the scene. The thing that strikes most about the scene and the thing that also stands out the most is when you see the characters speaking after one another. We, being the audience, very quickly hear Romeos voice and then hear Tybalts voice straight after but they speak about different things. Romeo talks about love, this is shown when he says worlds such as: bright and enrich. These are positive images portraying light and soft images. As members of the audience, we can see that Romeo is eager to love whereas Tybalt is eager to hate. In a gigantic contrast Tybalt talks about killing. This is shown when he says quote words such as: rapier and slave. Tybalt is eager to kill. Romeo speaks soft and calm while Tybalts voice is full of anger and rage; he speaks in a rather rude manner. Rapier: this is a key word in this scene because we can see how Tybalt speaks and how language is portrayed in this scene. Tybalt is very determined to fight Romeo even though he has hardly known him. The audience therefore can see how eager he is to slay innocent Romeo as the innocent and Tybalt as the villain. To call Romeo a villain is very ironic because, in actual fact Tybalt is the villain as he is eager to kill Romeo and to call him a villain is clearly absurd. Also, bright is another keyword in this scene because we can see how Romeo speaks: calmer, loving and speaks in a complete contrast to Tybalt. Romeo speaks metaphorically here; almost in a sonnet form. This is shown when he says: Have not saints lips. And holy palmers to, Romeo is talking about light, whereas Tybalt talks in a dark presence and changes the whole atmosphere and causes a mass conflict and friction between the characters. Shakespeare has used a large amount contrast and irony because, he jumps from love to hate all the time and this is shown when Romeo Tybalts lines are deliberately put together. In doing this, Shakespeare had let the audience know about the characters feelings emotions towards to each other, whilst Romeo wants to love, but in a complete contrast Tybalt wants to hate. We could imagine this on stage, where Romeo could have white light shining down at him and calm music being played in the background, which creates a good impression on the audience. Tybalt can stand with a cigar in his hand and a sword in the other one. He could have dark light shining on him and he can have fast, depressing music in the background. From this essay we can distinguish that there is a huge contrast between these two characters. Shakespeare purposely put certain lines together, to make us members of the audience acknowledge about the characters. Doing this we can see that Romeo is: calm, loving and passionate, whereas Tybalt is angry, impatient, egotistic and selfish. Revenge, hatred and rage is clearly shown from Tybalt and then love and peace from Romeo. In this essay we talked about stagecraft, subject and theme, characters, language, irony and of course contrast. We can also see the characters motivation that may lead to unexpected events that occur in up coming scenes. The scene started off jovial and uplifting but, as the scene gradually continued, we unpacked Tybalt and Romeo to see how we can perceive them now. As members of the audience, we can acknowledge that there is a huge contrast between the both characters. From this essay I feel that Shakespeare has deliberately put these two lines together to make us see the huge contrast that exists from the scene, and how the other topics that I talked about integrated in to this essay. Thinking back to the question I was asked to talk about: Thinking about characters of Tybalt, Romeo and Juliet; discuss the contrast in act 1 scene 5. I feel I have definitely discussed the question.

Flappy Bird Bad For You Essay

Flappy Bird Bad For You Essay Flappy Bird Bad For You? Essay Is Flappy Bird A Bad Game There’s no denying that Flappy Bird was a huge success, being one of the most popular mobile app ever created. But even with Dong Nguyen (developer) earning on average $50,000 per day, he has shocked fans by removing it permanently from the app store because it was ‘’harmful’’. Flappy bird is a pretty simple game where the player has to guide a bird through a set of green pipes, but it is notorious for its difficulty and addictiveness. There are many negative perspectives about this game, especially with the graphics. Players feel that Flappy Bird is everything but original. With the pixel graphics and green pipes, reviews say that â€Å"Everything in that game is stolen by Super Mario’’ and â€Å"It is poorly made seeing as it uses Nintendo assets rather than its own’’. Another complaint and the source of hate for this game is its addictiveness. This simple game play with only one button gives a deceiving appearance of an easy game. But as the difficulty increases as you go on, it gives you a feeling that it is possible to master this, feeding into an addictive personality. An example of this from a comment from a player ‘’Because it looks so simple and easy that I feel that I can beat anyone, after a few game plays, its becomes a big challenge, my challenge, my addiction, my goal’’. Players become very absorbed with the game and irritated when they lose, they need to retry over and over again. The addictiveness has resulted in Nguyen deleting the game tweeting ‘’I can’t take this anymore’’ and ‘It happened to become an addictive product, I think it has become a problem, to solve that problem, its best to take down Flappy Bird’’. Although there are bad reviews there are also positive perspectives about this game, Flappy Bird is addicting but it challenges people and points are completely based on

How to Write a Book Proposal a Master Guide (with Template)

How to Write a Book Proposal a Master Guide (with Template) The Complete Guide to Writing a Book Proposal Last updated: 08/15/2018Have you got a nonfiction book idea and dream of securing a million-dollar deal - all before writing the book itself?Well, we’ve got two words for that: book proposal. In the nonfiction world, publishers will ask an author to submit this vital document (and not the entire book). However, if you want it to emerge unscathed from the slush pile, your proposal must be clear, thoroughly researched, and ironclad.To sculpt your proposal into its best self, we've recruited the aid of the top developmental editors on our marketplace -    and provided a book proposal template for you.Now, this guide and the book proposal template complement one another, so you’ve got two ways to go about this. If you’d like to refer back to the template as you read this guide, you can go ahead and download it in the Book Proposal Template section.Or, if you've already written your proposal and want to know how to submit it, check out this three-step guide.And, be fore you get too far, it's also worth knowing that writing a book proposal is not the same as a query letter - which is what you would write to attract a literary agent's attention.What is a book proposal?The book proposal is a 15-50 (or so) page manuscript that a writer uses to pitch a nonfiction book to publishers. Though it’s written in place of an actual book, it should build a complete argument for the book idea. Chiefly, a good proposal will cover:what the book is about,why you're the perfect person to write this book,who will buy the book, andhow you are going to convey the message.If you successfully execute this, the sum of the proposal’s parts will convince a publisher to invest in you and your goal: a published book.Here’s another way to think about it. You’re convinced that your book idea is a diamond in the rough, right? Well, you’ve first got to refine it to the point that its cut catches the eye of even the most cynical publisher. N ow, the book proposal is going to be the dais on which you display your diamond so that it glows. Everything you wanted to know (but never asked) about book proposals #PubTips What must a book proposal show a publisher?Publishers read thousands of proposals a week. (We say this without exaggeration.) They’re forgoing tea parties to read your proposal. That means that they want to see the potential in your book - and that they will be wondering one thing more than anything else. Can this book make us money? Already written a book proposal that you now want to perfect? Consider working with a professional developmental editor to make every component of your book proposal airtight and cogent. They charge between $500 and $2,000.Not started writing your book proposal yet? Consider taking on an experienced ghostwriter to write the whole proposal for you. They charge between $2,000 and $20,000."Proposals can range anywhere from a few thousand dollars up to $20,000. It all depends on the amount of idea developing and writing that's needed." - Stacy Ennis, GhostwriterPublishing professionals possess decades of experience reading, editing, and re-tuning book proposals. There’s no real replacement for their insight and training. It’s a worthwhile investment, especially for anyone who wants to hear those magic words, â€Å"Let’s get you on a book deal.†What's your experience writing proposals been like? Do you have any additional questions about the book proposal temp late? Leave your thoughts in the comments below!Huge thanks to editors  Jeff Shreve, Geoffrey Stone, Patrick Price, Jennifer Barclay, Fran Lebowitz, Elizabeth Evans, Laura Yorke, Katharine Sands, and Jaimee Garbacik as well as  ghostwriters Andrew Crofts  and Stacy Ennis for their input and suggestions!

Starbucks Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Starbucks Master - Case Study Example 2002). Since inception, Starbucks has also been able to institute a new philosophy of paying higher prices for high quality coffee. The company believes that the high prices it pays for coffee will enable Starbucks to be "a potential force for positive reform in every part of the coffee supply chain." Orin Smith, Former President and CEO, Starbucks Corporation This report would aim to analyse the Starbucks Case Study from the point of view of two modules, namely Business Strategy and Organisational Identity. Both of these modules will be discussed separately and then they will be integrated to give a complete picture and analysis of the Starbucks case. This report will also discuss Starbucks' competitive advantage, its corporate social responsibility, and global growth. A further study of Starbucks value chain, and the company's supply chain and management will be analysed to show the organisation's strengths and its strategy. In the second module of organisational identity, the Starbucks core identity will be identified and analysed, along with the society and the individuals involved with the organisation, and the targeted market. Furthermore, this paper will analyse Starbucks impressions management and its adaptive stability/instability, so as to discern the true picture behind the profitable organisation. COMPANY OVERVIEW Starbucks was founded in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegel. The trio opened up a store in Seattle and named it Starbucks Coffee, Tea, and Spice, in honour of Starbuck, the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville's Moby Dick. The company's logo is a mermaid with two tails, with the store's name around it. The company began to be profitable every year, and by the early 1980s, there were four Starbucks stores in the Seattle area alone. However, the roles of the founders of the company went through some major changes, and Jerry Baldwin took over the daily management of the company, while Gordon Bowker remained involved as owner, though he devoted most of his time to other business ventures, and Zev Siegel left the company.As stated on the company's website, the Starbucks' vision is to "establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world." (www.starbucks.com). Starbucks corporation offers products like pastries, specialty coffees, cold blende d beverages, coffee beans, tea and coffee related products. Starbucks first opened a location in Seattle, in 1971, and three decades later, the company had more than 3,300 locations, and is still on the increase. MissionStarbucks' mission is to "establish Starbucks as the premier provider of the finest coffee in the world, while maintaining uncompromising principles as the company continues to grow." (www.starbucks.com) this mission statement, and the positive effects that the company has brought to bear in its operating communities has ensured continued customer loyalty for the company. In 1982, Howard Schultz was recruited into the company.

Ethics and the Criminal Justice Profession Essay

Ethics and the Criminal Justice Profession - Essay Example In common ethical issues arising in the society, the criminal justice decides whether such act(s) could be ethically defended or not through the study of ethics. A case of ethical issue is shoplifting for the welfare of everybody in the family. In the utilitarian viewpoint of ethics, the above act could be defended provided that it is done because of providing the welfare of other individuals. Although the case is providing the necessaries for the family, such could still be considered utilitarian. In â€Å"retributive justice,† if an individual does an act of misconduct without any beneficial purpose, it is a manifestation of â€Å"imprudence,† but if it is done for a constructive purpose, it is justifiable (Hall, Dennis, and Chipman 348). In every act of an individual there really is a corresponding verdict. Yet, in cases concerning ethical judgments, more value of ethical justification is given to those acts which are done for beneficial purposes. Yet, it should also not be forgotten that in deciding over ethical issues, the rule of law and justice should always take its dominion. Furthermore, the ethical issues which are given greater ethical defenses could also be subjects to further justifications and scrutiny for an â€Å"other† party is also