Feminism Is The Organized Activity On Behalf Of Women s...

Everyone Deserves Respect Throughout history, there have been many groups of women called feminists, which are women who support feminism. In history class, you hear about active feminists and their rebellions, but what does feminism mean exactly? â€Å"Feminism is the organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests† (Webster). Feminists strive for equal rights for women in politics, society, and workforce. Karen Kornbluh and Rachel Homer are two feminist writers who wrote an article, â€Å"Paycheck Feminism†, and discussed five main points for the government to refer to which would help them create equal policies for men and women. The main goal for feminism is to have respect for women in the workforce by having equal pay, same occupation opportunities as men, and to have the same public confidence in an occupation as men. Naturally, women strive for equal pay in the workforce compared to men. In history we learn that decades ago, women were paid less than men for laborious work. Many women were maids or nannies and had very low pay but were up on their feet all day working. However, in the present, women want more than just an equal paycheck. They want equal policies as well. Feminists are urging the government to equal the Social Security pay, health care costs, unemployment aid, and Medicare. According to Kornbluh and Homer, men get $14,055 annually and women extract $10,685 annually in Social Security while women make up fifty-percent of the workforce today. If theShow MoreRelatedFeminism Is Defined As The Theory Of Political, Economic,1011 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism is defined as the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. (Definition of Feminism) and also as the organized activity on behalf of women s rights and interests. (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in-depth into Feminism they would see that there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third wave, or the mos t recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true or usually use aRead MoreThe Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1275 Words   |  6 Pagesdefines feminism as both the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes and organized activity on the behalf of women s rights and interests (Webster 418). Equality between men and women, in terms of rights, and the adding of women s rights appear to be positive hopes and dreams; but, so far, people tend to describe feminism while using bad terms, and feminism today has gained a bad reputation. Radical and extremists are adjectives when mostly claimed to feminism, whenRead MoreFeminism And Its Impact On Society1763 Words   |  8 Pagesbeliefs that have influenced my life specifically, Feminism and Catholicism. With the most recent presidential election, many issues had arisen involving both candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, along with their followers. There were also many stereotypes that carried a heavy weight on voters that caused conflict when asked who they had decided to cast their vote for. The most familiar stereotype connected to Clinton’s campaign was Feminism because she had both gone further than any previousRead MorePaper2223 Words   |  9 Pagesthe nation’s capital for the March on Washington, often considered the high point of the nonviolent civil rights movement. Organized by a coalition of civil rights, labor, and church organizations led by Phillip Randolph, the black unionist who had threatened a similar march, it was the largest public demonstration in the nation’s history at that time. Calls for the passage of a civil rights bill pending before Congress took center stage. The march’s goals also included a public-works program to Read MoreCounseling Abused Women7410 Words   |  30 PagesCounseling Abused Women: Factors Contributing to Successful Outcome Table of Contents Introduction Part One: Violence against women The Problem Consequences of violence Origins of violence Part Two: Treatment/Intervention models Service and treatment options Medications Community Treatment/Intervention Part Three: Client/Family participation Client participation Family involvement Part Four: Special needs Abuse of women with disabilities Equity/ Access to treatment Part Five: Parties’Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreSocial Policy Essay6100 Words   |  25 PagesIn order to cover the most of the workers from the age of 16 who are manual and non manual and get lower paid, an Act was extended known as Unemployment Insurance act 1920. The Old age and widows pension act 1940 decreased the pension age for the women of the age between 60 to 65 yrs old. There was a formation of the 1942 Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services on the basis for the post was reforms known as the welfare state followed by the identification of the five †Giant Evils’’ whichRead MoreMidterm Review Essay9272 Words   |  38 Pagesmarked by: Question options: | a) | a return to handmade goods. | | b) | a more equalized distribution of wealth. | | c) | the rapid expansion of industry across the South. | | d) | the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. | | e) | a decline in the growth of cities. | | | | 4.) The ____________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America. | a) | oil industry | | b) | railroads | | c) | ironRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from theRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesCopyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Free Essays

Women who smoke is one of the major causes of adverse outcomes for babies. Many damaging effects are due to mothers who smoke compared to mothers who did not. Encouraging and educating women early of the dangers of the detrimental effects of smoking during pregnancy will help reduce the number of complications and increase the health for both mother and baby. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now By conducting studies and evaluating these methods will allow us to gather the necessary data to improve and implement programs to help develop a pregnancy that is safe and decrease the health risks from the baby. Smoking and Pregnancy Smoking has been known to cause health problems for those who smoke and also for those exposed around them, known as second hand smoke. One known common health issue is cancer among those who smoke. Smoking during pregnancy doesn’t just affect the mother’s health, but also puts the fetus’s health at risk. The dangers associated with smoking during pregnancy include miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), birth defects (such as cleft lip or cleft palate), and even death (CDC, 2012). Creating a healthy environment for babies by quitting smoking will reduce the risk for these health risks. The baby will benefit from a healthy delivery and be less at risk of being born too early. Studies have also shown Statistics of Mothers who smoke According to the CDC in the 2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS), women who reported smoking during the last three months of pregnancy is approximately 13%. Out of women who smoked 3 months before pregnancy, 45% were able to quit during pregnancy. Among women who quit smoking during pregnancy, 50% relapsed within 6 months after delivery. Women who smoked during pregnancy have babies with lower birth rates in comparison to mothers who did not smoke. The leading cause of infant deaths is low birth weight, within the United States results in more than 300,000 deaths annually (CDC, 2012). Research Question What interventions should be implemented to stop women from smoking during pregnancy? And what can benefit both mother and baby from avoid complications during pregnancy, delivery and their overall health. A method of educating women early of the dangers of the detrimental health effects that smoking causes on their own health and the health of their babies will create a foundation that will encourage them to quit. Creating a program that will evaluate and support women during and after their pregnancy will help encourage them to remain committed. Hypothesis Creating a smoking cessation intervention in pregnancy will help women stop smoking. This will help reduce the health risks associated with smoking among mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Educating and encouraging women to quit smoking will act as a support in the challenges that they may face. Problems in the Health Care One problem that health care faces with smoking cessation for women that are pregnant is the lack of training among professionals. Educating women of the dangers of smoking during pregnancy is the first step, but following up with the proper interventions and material used to help women understand and motivated. Another problem is the challenges that women face in the attempts of quitting. Smoking creates an addiction among those who smoke due to its chemicals that it possesses. Nicotine is the substance in smoking that creates this addiction. This addiction is a form of uncontrollable dependence in tobacco smoking to the point where severe physical, mental or emotional reactions would be caused by the stopping of smoking (Slowik, 2011). Knowing the effects of smoke to ones health and especially to a babies health is very motivating in quitting, but it isn’t easy when the addict possess the challenges to stop. One in three succeeds in stopping permanently before age 60 (Slowik, 2011). Tragically, by this time, the effect of smoking has already damaged the body and some could be irreversible. Research methods used in the health sciences, and their strengths and weaknesses The research in helping women to stop smoking is in surveying pregnant women who smoke. The qualitative method is to evaluate and analysis the results. A questionnaire survey in 1992 was carried out among general practitioners, midwives and obstetricians to measure the delivery of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy. Most professionals among the study were seen asking the status of pregnant women, where they recorded smoking status and explained the risks of smoking during pregnancy. Fewer professionals gave advice to women on how to quit or document the status of smoking (Clasper White, 1995). The weakness found in the study is the lack or insufficient training among the professionals. Even the lack of enjoyment or difficultly experienced in giving smoking cessation counseling was seen in the survey. The strength in this study is on step in creating a guidebook or manual for health professionals. Such as the Pregnets, Smoking Cessation for Pregnant and Post-partum women: A Toolkit for Health Professionals. This toolkit is designed as a guidebook for professionals in creating a smoking cessation for pregnant women as well as after the delivery of the baby. This helps create success in achieving the goal of encouraging women to stop smoking. After this program has been implemented studies within this method could be conducted with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Statistical data can be gathered to updated and make changes to existing material. Conclusion By gathering data in studies a successful smoking cessation could be created for women who are pregnant will reduce the health risk associated with smoking. Knowing the target individuals and creating methods in preventions and interventions in cessation smoking will help develop a successful program a safe and healthy pregnancy for mother and baby. Reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2012). Tobacco Use and Pregnancy What Are the Effects of Smoking During Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Their Babies? March 26, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/tobaccousepregnancy/. Clasper, Paul White, Martin. (1995). Smoking Cessation Interventions in Pregnancy: Practice and Views of Midwives, GPs and Obstetricians. Health Education Journal. March 27, 2012. http://hej.sagepub.com/content/54/2/150.abstract. Slowik, Guy MD. (2011). â€Å"What Is A Smoking Addiction?† EhealthMD. March 26, 2012. http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-smoking-addiction. 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Queensland Health Implementation Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Queensland Health Implementation Project. Answer: Introduction The Accounting Information System is described as a computer based system which helps to collect, evaluate, store and process the organizations accounting and financial information (Islam et al. 2017). The Queensland Health Department is the chosen company which is being review in this report. The purpose of this report is to analyse the information given in the Queensland Health study and Payroll System implementation failure. The report focuses on COBIT and COSO frameworks to analyse its implementation in Payroll System project in Queensland Health study. The first two phases, planning and systems analysis, of system development life cycle are discussed in this report with reference to the Queensland Health study. The outline of the report is literature review of COBIT and COSO frameworks, their application towards the case study and analysis of situation using SDLC. The report at the end includes summary of finding and recommendations. Literature Review: COBIT Framework According to Mangalaraj, Singh and Taneja 2014, COBIT framework is a comprehensive framework for Information Technology governance. The COBIT framework assists enterprises to achieve their goals and objectives for the governance and management of IT enterprise. This framework helps enterprise to create optimal values from Information Technology enterprise. The optimal values achieved through maintaining a balance between resource use and, realized benefits and optimized risk levels. The COBIT 5 framework provides five category procedures in two different domains, management and control, for achieving successful business process (Mutiara, Prasetyo and Widya 2017). The frameworks has also been selected in finance and banking sectors. This can be illustrated through a case study on COBIT 5 framework use in banking and insurance sector. The case study results show significant differences of adoption of COBIT frameworks in banks and finances (Vugec, Spremi? and Bach 2017). The maturity le vels of COBIT and business opportunities were increased in the selected banks and finances. Hence, the COBIT 5 framework should be implemented for the successful running of the Queensland Health Payroll system. The COBIT 5 framework provides end-to-end business approach of the Information Technology enterprise governance. COSO Framework According to Alavi 2017, the failures of big companies were due to the formation of COSO in 1985. The COSO was then revamped to provide final outcome that includes risk assessment, controlling environment and activities information, and monitoring and communication. The COSO framework benefits the organizations internal control framework where they get better understanding of direct, reciprocal and indirect associations. This association is among the information and communications dimensions (accuracy, openness and feedback flow) (Rae, Sands and Subramaniam 2017). The COSO framework works effectively if a company has effective communication environment. However, there are criticism related to COSO that it is too much focused on financial report of an organization. The COSO framework is maintained in a feasible level of safety and security (Magruder 2015). This is because of realization that all the COSO components cannot be satisfactorily implemented at any framework level as expecte d by the organization. Hence, COSO framework 2013 should be implemented in the Queensland Health payroll system. This version of framework helps to identify the gaps present in the organizations program. Frameworks Implementation in the Queensland Health Project The development of the Shared Services Initiative (SSI) by Queensland Government has been found that it was earlier developed to LATTICE by informing the Queensland Health department. However, the LATTICE system was considered to be unsupported. Hence, Queensland Health initiated the Shared Services Initiative in order to minimize the risks associate to the unsupported system (Bartens et al. 2015). Therefore, in the mean time, IBM and CorPpTech revamped and restored their prior systems with SAP finance, HR and the WorkBrain solutions. Thus, the WorkBrain system was inclined to procedure the transport and timesheets to the organizations SAP system. The notification was sent the department that the standardization of the project, Finance and Payroll System was made necessary for all the departments of the Government (Huygh et al. 2018). This resulted in the formation of a special unit of Government named CorpTech to manage all the implementation of Finance and Payroll system project. C onsequently the payroll and finance systems project implementation in Queensland Health included three necessary key groups of stakeholders (Cohen, Krishnamoorthy and Wright 2017). This stakeholders team include staff members, IBM and CorpTech. The staff members are the necessary stakeholders which are responsible for the internal control of the department. The IBM stakeholders are considered as the primary consultant of the Queensland Health implementation project (Boyle et al. 2015). However, IBM was not responsible for the implementation of Queensland Health project in the remaining Queensland Health departments because of financial planning. CorpTech stakeholder was responsible for organizing or running the roles and responsibilities of IBM working. The CorpTech was responsible for managing the overall project of Queensland Health including IBMs working process also. Therefore, from above it can be said that the Queensland Health was responsible for the implementation of the frameworks, and managing and control within the Payroll project of Queensland Health (Larson and Herz 2017). Their responsibility also includes training to the existing staff and defining business requirements. The responsibility of CorpTech was to examine the full implementation of the project in all the Queensland Health Government departments including management of IBMs work. The IBMs responsibility was to handle the incorporation of the implementation of the project including analysis of SAP finance and HR, and WorkBrain solutions. Analysis: System Development Life Cycle The system development life cycle is referred to a six step procedure which involves planning phase, analysis phase, design phase, examining phase, organizing phase and maintenance phase (Khan, Parveen and Sadiq 2014). These six phases are the major components to create a software system, hardware system or a combination of software and hardware system. The below discussions only focuses on the first two phases of the system development life cycle and they are Planning phase, and System analysis and requirement phase. These two stages have been evaluated to examine the Queensland Health implementation project of Finance and Payroll Systems. Planning Stage The planning phase of system development life cycle is evaluated in this section with reference to Queensland Health project failure of Payroll system. The project failure was calculated as 300% over the budget limit and it was delayed by 18 months that means it was behind the defined schedule (Valacich, George and Hoffer 2014). It has also been found that the workers including staff, nurses and doctor were incorrectly paid or not paid. The projects total cost was $ 1.25 billion AUD which includes cost of implementing, managing, maintain and stabilizing of Queensland Health system project (Mustaquim and Nystrm 2015). The multiple reasons for the Payroll system failure included strikes in industries, health minister resignation and loss of existing member due to new employees. The Queensland also incorporated the enquiry form in Australian Government to know the exact reasons for the disastrous failure of the project. The Queensland Health also arranged an enquiry for the security of future projects in the Information Technology field (Fang et al. 2015). The enquiry resulted in the issues that were the reason of the failure of Queensland Health project. The issues were related to Governance and project management. System Analysis and Requirement Stage The system analysis is the second phase in System Development Life Cycle which is evaluated in this section with reference to Queensland Health implementation project failure. The Queensland Government is composed of three types of firms. They are Government departments and agencies, general statutory body and Government owned corporations (Wasson 2015). The Queensland Health provides services in healthcare regarding medical, dental and services to old-age people across Queensland. Queensland Health provides facilities and service to about 40,000 people and has 85,000 staff (Bano and Zowghi 2015). The large number of employees and their vast skill sets resulted in the occurring of complexities in the payment process to the employees. The current structure of payroll system shows that the organization needs to follow about 24,000 calculation combinations related to payroll system (Bano and Zowghi 2015). The payment to the staff of Queensland Health was done through unequal payroll sys tem implementation named LATTICE and ESP engine. These systems worked efficiently for six years. However to accommodate additional structures such as incentives and award, the payroll system needed some modifications. The LATTICE system in 2005 became unsupported and hence there was requirement to replace the system with new payroll system in Queensland Health department (Modi, Singh and Chauhan 2017). The payroll system project was implemented through Queensland Health staff, IBM and CorpTech. The project failure was the reason due to inefficiency of these three stakeholders management. Summary of Findings The summaries of findings for Queensland Health implementation Payroll system failure are given below in the following paragraph. The main reason of the failure of Queensland Health implementation project was due to the unsupported LATTICE system used for paying the employees of Queensland Health. The IBM and CorpTech were the stakeholders however they were not effective to provide benefit to the implementation of the new payroll system. This was the major blow to the Queensland Health which contributed to the failure of the new payroll system. The COBIT 5 and COSO 2013 frameworks are the major frameworks to analyse and manage risk controls for the implementation of the new payroll system. This is explained in the prior section. They should be implemented in the Queensland Health for effective evaluation of the new payroll system. The further investigation of the project failure through analyzing two phases, Planning and System analysis, of System Development Life Cycle are done. The investigation through these two stages shows that there were gaps in the implementation of the new payroll system. The gaps were related to the Queensland Health internal and external operations. Their inappropriate systems and inefficient contribution from the stakeholders contributed to the payroll system failure. Therefore, for future projects they should opt for COBIT and COSO frameworks to establish a more functioned and improved implementation of project. Recommendations The above discussions shows that there are some gaps which needs to be filled for the effective implementation of the project, payroll system, in Queensland Health department. The recommendations for the Queensland Health department are given below in the following points. Analysis of the project requirements- The projects should be analyzed before working upon it and the requirements should be planned and gathered. These will help to avoid any future complications. Time consideration- Time is an important factor which is needed for the correct and accurate implementation of any project. Queensland Health department should focus on time management for future researches. Experienced In-charge for the project- Queensland Health should appoint experienced and skilled In-charge for the whole process of implementation of a project. This is because the In-charge will be solely responsible for the project complexities. There will be no need to administer individual people or group for the process of project implementation in future. Choosing the right stakeholder/partner- Queensland Health should choose correct stakeholders for the implementation process of the project because they are the primary stakeholders who will be responsible for giving support. They should be chosen wisely and with proper research. Sharing of good and bad new- Queensland Health should share good and bad news with the people related to the project implementation to avoid any confusions and complications. Conclusion Therefore, the above discussions conclude that to implement a new project or any type of project within Queensland, they require accurate frameworks, and maintenance and controls. There is a need of this accuracy to implement the project accurately and these are the major factors for Queensland Health to take into account. The frameworks and controls should be implemented to overcome the complexities of the implementation process within the Government department such as Queensland Health. This is necessary to avoid any conflict and any type of confusion. The discussions show that improper and inappropriate implementation of the project resulted in incorrect payment of staff. These should be avoided at highest priority because staffs are the most important asset of Queensland Health department. Therefore, for future researches, Queensland Health needs to take the discussed points into account for any future complications. References Alavi, H., 2017. Risk Management Techniques and their Application to Documentary Discrepancy in Letter of Credit Transaction.European Journal of Economic Studies, (6), pp.4-17. Bano, M. and Zowghi, D., 2015. A systematic review on the relationship between user involvement and system success.Information and Software Technology,58, pp.148-169. Bartens, Y., De Haes, S., Lamoen, Y., Schulte, F. and Voss, S., 2015, January. On the way to a minimum baseline in IT governance: using expert views for selective implementation of COBIT 5. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4554-4563). IEEE. Boyle, J.F., Gramling, A.A., Hermanson, D.R. and Hermanson, H.M., 2015. Audit committee material weaknesses in smaller reporting companies: still struggling.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,7(1), pp.110-121. Cohen, J., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2017. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: The experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(2), pp.1178-1209. Fang, L.L., Valverde-Prez, B., Damgaard, A., Plsz, B.G. and Rygaard, M., 2015. Life Cycle Assessment as Decision Support Tool for Development of a Ressource Recovery Technology. In9th IWA Symposium on Systems Analysis and Integrated Assessment (Watermatex 2015). Huygh, T., De Haes, S., Joshi, A. and Van Grembergen, W., 2018. Answering Key Global IT Management Concerns Through IT Governance and Management Processes: A COBIT 5 View. Islam, K., CH, A.R., Bilal, A.R. and Ilyas, M.U.H.A.M.M.A.D., 2017. Accounting Information Systems: Traditions and Future Directions (By Using AIS in Traditional Organizations).The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,22(2), pp.1-13. Khan, M.A., Parveen, A. and Sadiq, M., 2014, February. A method for the selection of software development life cycle models using analytic hierarchy process. InIssues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 534-540). IEEE. Larson, R.K. and Herz, P.J., 2017. Research in Accounting Regulation. Magruder, J.S., Lewis, S.X., Burks, E.J. and Smolinski, C., 2015. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)-Who Is Running Organizations?.Journal of Accounting and Finance,15(1), p.55. Mangalaraj, G., Singh, A. and Taneja, A., 2014. IT governance frameworks and COBIT-a literature review. Modi, H.S., Singh, N.K. and Chauhan, H.P., 2017. Comprehensive Analysis of Software Development Life Cycle Models. Mustaquim, M.M. and Nystrm, T., 2015, June. A system development life cycle for persuasive design for sustainability. InInternational Conference on Persuasive Technology(pp. 217-228). Springer, Cham. Mutiara, A.B., Prasetyo, E. and Widya, C., 2017. Analyzing COBIT 5 IT Audit Framework Implementation using AHP Methodology.JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization,1(2), pp.33-39. Rae, K., Sands, J. and Subramaniam, N., 2017. Associations among the five components within COSO internal control-integrated framework as the underpinning of quality corporate governance.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,11(1), p.28. Rogers, M., 2017. IT Governance Framework Proposal. Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J., 2014.Essentials of systems analysis and design. Prentice Hall Press. Vugec, D.S., Spremi?, M. and Bach, M.P., 2017. IT GOVERNANCE ADOPTION IN BANKING AND INSURANCE SECTOR: LONGITUDINAL CASE STUDY OF COBIT USE.International Journal for Quality Research,11(3). Wasson, C.S., 2015.System engineering analysis, design, and development: Concepts, principles, and practices. John Wiley Sons.